What is the most common adverse effect associated with aerosolized pentamidine isethionate (NebuPent)?

The most common adverse effect associated with aerosolized pentamidine isethionate (NebuPent) is bronchospasm. This medication is primarily used in the prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), particularly in immunocompromised patients such as those with HIV/AIDS. When administered via aerosol, pentamidine can irritate the airways, leading to a constriction of bronchial muscles which manifests as bronchospasm. The likelihood of this side effect can be attributed to the drug’s direct effect on the respiratory system.

Common clinical practice highlights the importance of monitoring patients for respiratory reactions, especially during the initial administration. In some cases, pre-treatment with bronchodilators may be indicated to mitigate this risk. Understanding this aspect of pentamidine's side effects is crucial for healthcare providers when managing patients receiving aerosolized treatments.