What is the function of a reference range in laboratory results?

A reference range serves an essential role in laboratory results by providing a set of values that represent what is considered normal or healthy for a specific population. These ranges are derived from a group of healthy individuals, and they help clinicians interpret individual test results within the context of general health norms.

When a patient's laboratory results are compared to the established reference range, healthcare providers can identify whether the values fall within a normal range or indicate potential health issues. For instance, if a blood test reveals that a patient's cholesterol level is higher than the reference range, it may suggest the need for further investigation or intervention.

Reference ranges can also vary based on factors such as age, sex, and ethnic background, which ensures that the comparison is relevant to the individual being tested. This comparison is a fundamental part of diagnosing conditions, monitoring diseases, and guiding treatment decisions, making the reference range a critical tool in medical practice.